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Voisin 1907 biplane
The 1907 Voisin biplane (designated the Voisin II by Jane's All the World's Aircraft),〔Jane (''All the World's Aircraft'' ), 1913, p. 7d.〕 was the first successful powered aircraft designed by aeronautical engineer and manufacturer Gabriel Voisin. It was used by the French aviator Henri Farman〔Born in France to British father, Henri (or Henry) Farman took French nationality in 1937〕 to make the first heavier-than-air flight lasting more than a minute in Europe, and also to make the first full circle.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= "Voisin-Farman I." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online )〕
The first examples of the aircraft were known by the name of their owners, for instance the Delagrange I, or the Farman I. Farman made many modifications to his aircraft, and these were incorporated into later production aircraft built by Voisin. The type enjoyed widespread success, and around sixty were built.
==Background==
Between 1904 and 1908 there was fierce competition between European aviation experimenters attempting to achieve powered heavier-than-air flight. Although the Wright Brothers had first flown a powered aircraft in 1903, and by the end of 1905 had flown their Flyer III many times (including a flight of in 39 minutes 23 seconds on 5 October),〔Sharpe (2000) p. 311〕 they had chosen not to make public demonstrations or allow close examination of their aircraft because they feared that this might jeopardize their prospects of commercially exploiting their discoveries. As a result, many people did not believe the claims of the Wright Brothers until Wilbur Wright's demonstrations at Le Mans in France during August 1908, when their advance in airplane control was obviously apparent.〔The Wright brothers were the first to understand the necessity for coordinated yaw and roll control in order to make fully controlled turns〕
In 1906 Alberto Santos-Dumont had made Europe's first officially recognised heavier-than-air powered flights using his 14-bis aircraft,〔Villard (2002), p. 37〕 witnessed by officials from the Aero Club de France. The successful flights made in 1907-8 by Léon Delagrange and Henri Farman in their Voisin aircraft put the Voisin brothers at the forefront of European aviation development.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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